Edition and sources
The Greek text
This explorer follows H. B. Swete, The Old Testament in Greek according to the Septuagint (Cambridge, 1887–1912 editions), which is in the public domain. The digital text is the Open Greek and Latin First1KGreek TEI transcription (tlg0527, University of Leipzig), licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. The corpus data published here is a derivative of that work and is shared under the same license, with attribution to Open Greek and Latin. The 55 source files are pinned to commit 8ee111eb44ecef4120c844e10749178d95d1f30c and checked by SHA-256 on every build.
Ecclesiastes and four verses from Brenton
First1KGreek has no text for Ecclesiastes, and four verse divisions lost their text in the transcription. These come instead from the Greek text of L. C. L. Brenton, The Septuagint Version of the Old Testament (London: Bagster, 1851), which reprints the Sixtine edition (based on Codex Vaticanus). It is in the public domain; the digital text is eBible.org's grcbrent, marked “Public Domain”, pinned by SHA-256 of the downloaded grcbrent_usfm.zip. They are not Swete's text:
- Ecclesiastes (Ἐκκλησιαστής), all 12 chapters and 222 verses, placed after Proverbs as in Swete's edition.
- Exodus 20:1, Numbers 19:1, and 3 Kingdoms 16:1, where Brenton's neighbouring verses match Swete's; and Numbers 17:1, which is Brenton's 17:16 (Brenton numbers Numbers 16:36–50 as 17:1–15).
Every such row carries a small Br marker (hover for “text: Brenton 1851”) and a text_source field in the data. Brenton's text is public domain, so these rows carry no CC BY-SA obligation of their own; the rest of the data remains CC BY-SA 4.0. USFM markup is stripped, and the text is normalized and tokenized like the rest of the corpus.
Rahlfs–Hanhart is under copyright, and the CCAT morphological LXX restricts redistribution, so neither is used.
Books, order, and numbering
The 56 books follow Swete's own order, read from each file's volume and page: the four books of Kingdoms; Chronicles; Esdras A and Esdras B (Ezra–Nehemiah as one book of 23 chapters); Psalms (151), Proverbs, Ecclesiastes (from Brenton), Song of Songs, Job, Wisdom, and Sirach; Esther, Judith, and Tobit; the Twelve in Septuagint order (Hosea, Amos, Micah, Joel…); Isaiah, Jeremiah, Baruch, Lamentations, the Letter of Jeremiah, and Ezekiel; Daniel, Susanna, and Bel in both the Old Greek and Theodotion, as Swete prints them; 1–4 Maccabees; the Psalms of Solomon; and the Odes. Judges is Codex Alexandrinus only.
Chapter and verse numbers are Swete's. Unnumbered text before verse 1 has its own row: psalm titles and headings are labelled title (Psalm 22 has the title Ψαλμὸς τῷ Δαυείδ and verse 1 Κύριος ποιμαίνει με). The prefaces to Sirach and Lamentations are labelled prol.. Lettered verses keep their letters (3 Kingdoms 2:35a–o, 12:24a–z). Esther's Addition A is a prologue chapter (prol.), and the other additions keep the transcription's labels (1a, 2a…), placed after the verse they follow. The Odes are numbered by the verses of their source books (Ode 5, Jonah's prayer, begins at verse 3). Swete prints Ode 4 in two parts, shown as chapters 4a and 4b of a single Ode 4. Ode 14 has no verse numbers and is a single row.
Repairs to the transcription
The transcription is machine-corrected OCR, so the build makes a few deterministic repairs:
- Verse numbers that sit between two consecutive neighbours are corrected (e.g.
220between 19 and 21 becomes 20), and OCR letter confusions in lettered verses are resolved. A few manual fixes: Judith 9:19 is 9:14, and Wisdom chapters labelled 16–20 are 15–19. All 17 repairs are listed in source_repairs.json. - Apparatus notes and marginalia are excluded. Stray digits, digitizer placeholders, sigla, and marginal roman numerals that escaped the notes are removed. Latin look-alike capitals inside Greek words are mapped back to Greek. Detached breathings before capitals (᾿Ισραήλ) are attached, and words hyphenated across printed lines are rejoined.
- Five verse divisions contain only a marginal chapter numeral. Four had their text lost in the transcription and are filled from Brenton (see above): Exodus 20:1, Numbers 17:1 and 19:1, and 3 Kingdoms 16:1. The fifth, 3 Kingdoms 14:1, is a real gap: 14:1–20 is absent from Codex Vaticanus, and from Swete and Brenton alike, so chapter 14 starts at verse 21.
Some OCR misreadings remain (for example ΦΙΔΟΣΟΦΩΤΑΤΟΝ at 4 Maccabees 1:1). Swete prints the opening words of books and sections in capitals without accents (ΕΝ ΑΡΧΗ), so those forms count as separate words.
Search and counting
Search follows the Greek New Testament instance. It ignores capitalization, elision marks, and Unicode composition, but it keeps accents and breathings, so ελεος finds nothing and enclitic ἔλεός is a separate word from ἔλεος. Combine forms with a regex such as ^[ἔἐ]λ[εέ][οό]. Sentences end at . ! ? and the Greek question mark ;; the middle dot is a clause break.
No commentary counts are attached.